| Peer-Reviewed

HyperCube4x: Exploring and Analyzing Data in Virtual Reality Using HyperRelational and HyperAnalyzer

Received: 6 March 2023    Accepted: 30 March 2023    Published: 11 April 2023
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Hypercube is a novel viewport management and information visualization system proposal that introduces three applications (called WorkScenes), focusing on interaction, immersive reading, data exploration, analysis, and visualization concepts. After presenting the conceptual description, interaction metaphors, and the prototype in a previous publication, this article presents HyperRelational and HyperAnalyzer, the WorkScenes focused on multidimensional data exploration, analysis, and visualization. First, the manuscript explores previous work on Human-Computer Interaction-related disciplines, such as cognitive psychology, cognitive engineering, and neuroscience. Then, we introduce HyperRelational and HyperAnalyzer, focusing on their fundamental concepts 1) Geometrical visualization; 2) mapping relationships among information as spatial dimensions. Also, the Screenshots help illustrate the mentioned concepts. Finally, the “Results and Discussion” section demonstrates how these features integrate with the flow, presence, and immersion of Virtual Reality, fit Shneiderman’s visual-information-seeking mantra and solve some desktop metaphor-related issues. Additionally, we present test results conducted with 26 participants that show an acceptability rate of 74% amongst users and highlight their positive feedback/experience regarding HyperAnalyzer. On the other hand, the System Usability Scale (SUS) evaluation scored 60.6731. The score demonstrates that HyperAnalyser scored a little better than Microsoft Excel. Therefore, we conclude that the concepts presented here are viable, but it is still necessary to evolve usability to make HyperCube commercially viable.

Published in American Journal of Information Science and Technology (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajist.20230702.11
Page(s) 45-54
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Human-Centered Computing, Information Visualization, Interactive Data, Storytelling, Cognitive Style

References
[1] Alles, M., & Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2014). Thick data: adding context to big data to enhance auditability. International Journal of Auditing Technology, 2 (2), 95. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijaudit.2014.066237
[2] Aragon, C., Hutto, C., Echenique, A., Fiore-Gartland, B., Huang, Y., Kim, J., Neff, G., Xing, W., & Bayer, J. (2016). Developing a research agenda for human-centered data science. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW, 26-Februar, 529–535. https://doi.org/10.1145/2818052.2855518
[3] Ballatore, A., Kuhn, W., Hegarty, M., & Parsons, E. (2016). Special issue introduction: Spatial approaches to information search. Spatial Cognition and Computation, 16 (4), 245–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2016.1243693
[4] Boy, J., Detienne, F., & Fekete, J.-D. (2015). Storytelling in Information Visualizations. 1449–1458. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702452
[5] Card, M. (1999). Readings in information visualization: using vision to think. Morgan Kaufmann.
[6] Cheng, S. (1998). Statistical Approaches to Predictive Modeling in Large Databases. Citeseer.
[7] Choi, S. (2016). Understanding people with human activities and social interactions for human-centered computing. In Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences (Vol. 6, Issue 1). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-016-0066-1
[8] Conati, C., Carenini, G., Toker, D., & Lallé, S. (2015). Towards User-Adaptive Information Visualization. InTwenty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.
[9] Dietz, E. A., Holldobler, S., & Hops, R. (2015). A computational logic approach to human spatial reasoning. Proceedings - 2015 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence, SSCI 2015, 1627–1634. https://doi.org/10.1109/SSCI.2015.229
[10] Egeth, H. E., & Yantis, S. (1997). Visual attention: Control, representation, and time course. Annual Review of Psychology, 48 (1), 269–297.
[11] Goetz, M. (2015). 3 ways data preparation tools help you get ahead of big data. Forrester. https://www.forrester.com/blogs/15-02-17-3_ways_data_preparation_tools_help_you_get_ahead_of_big_data/
[12] Han, J., Wang, J., Dong, G., Pei, J., & Wang, K. (2002). CubeExplorer: online exploration of data cubes. Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, 626.
[13] Haroz, S., & Whitney, D. (2012). How capacity limits of attention influence information visualization effectiveness. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 18 (12), 2402–2410. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2012.233
[14] Hearst, M. (2009). Search user interfaces. Cambridge university press.
[15] HEER, J., BOSTOCK, M., & OGIEVETSKY, V. (2010). A Tour Through the Visualization Zoo. Communications of the Acm, 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1145/1743546
[16] Hullman, J., & Diakopoulos, N. (2011). Visualization rhetoric: Framing effects in narrative visualization. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 17 (12), 2231–2240. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2011.255
[17] Jaimes, A., Gatica-Perez, D., Sebe, N., & Huang, T. S. (2007). Guest Editors’ Introduction: Human-Centered Computing--Toward a Human Revolution. Computer, 40 (5), 30–34.
[18] Jaimes, A., Sebe, N., & Gatica-Perez, D. (2006). Human-centered computing: A multimedia perspective. Proceedings of the 14th Annual ACM International Conference on Multimedia, MM 2006, 855–864. https://doi.org/10.1145/1180639.1180829
[19] Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1983). Mental models: Towards a cognitive science of language, inference, and consciousness (Issue 6). Harvard University Press.
[20] Johnson, S. (2001). Cultura da interface (J. Zahar (ed.)). https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2005.1570319
[21] Kortum, P. T., & Bangor, A. (2013). Usability Ratings for Everyday Products Measured With the System Usability Scale. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 29 (2), 67–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2012.681221
[22] Lamani, A., Erraha, B., Elkyal, M., & Sair, A. (2019). Data mining techniques application for prediction in OLAP cube. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 9 (3), 2094–2102. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i3.pp2094-2102
[23] Lewis, J. R. (2018). The System Usability Scale: Past, Present, and Future. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 34 (7), 577–590. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2018.1455307
[24] Lima, A. R. de, Carvalho, D. C. M. de, & Rocha, T. de J. V. da. (2022). HyperCube4x: A viewport management system proposal. Information Visualization. https://doi.org/10.1177/14738716221137908
[25] Mark, D. M. (1993). Human spatial cognition. Human Factors in Geographical Information Systems, 51–60. http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~dmark/DMScottchapter.html
[26] Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63 (2), 81.
[27] Miloslavskaya, N., & Tolstoy, A. (2016). Big Data, Fast Data and Data Lake Concepts. Procedia Computer Science, 88, 300–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.07.439
[28] Muller, M., George, T., John, B. E., Feinberg, M., Jackson, S. J., Kery, M. B., & Passi, S. (2019). Human-centered study of data science work practices. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290607.3299018
[29] Patterson, R. E., Blaha, L. M., Grinstein, G. G., Liggett, K. K., Kaveney, D. E., Sheldon, K. C., Havig, P. R., & Moore, J. A. (2014). A human cognition framework for information visualization. Computers and Graphics (Pergamon), 42 (1), 42–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2014.03.002
[30] Preece, J., Rogers, Y., & Sharp, H. (2011). Interaction Design: beyond humancomputer interaction (3rd ed.). Ed, England, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
[31] Proenca, A. P., Miranda, M., Lamounier, E. A., Cardoso, A., & Notargiacomo, P. (2017). Systematic Review on Cognitive Engineering Applied to Critical Systems for Proposition of Evaluation Heuristics for Virtual Reality. IEEE Latin America Transactions, 15 (10), 2024–2029. https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2017.8071251
[32] Rattenbury, T., Hellerstein, J. M., Heer, J., Kandel, S., & Carreras, C. (2017). Principles of data wrangling: Practical techniques for data preparation. “ O’Reilly Media, Inc.”
[33] Roberts, J. C., Ritsos, P. D., Badam, S. K., Brodbeck, D., Kennedy, J., & Elmqvist, N. (2014). Visualization beyond the desktop-the next big thing. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 34 (6), 26–34. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2014.82
[34] Rodrigues-Jr, J., Zaina, L., Oliveira, M., Brandoli, B., & Traina, A. (2015). A survey on Information Visualization in light of Vision and Cognitive sciences. 1, 1–29. http://arxiv.org/abs/1505.07079
[35] Sarawagi, S., Agrawal, R., & Megiddo, N. (1998). Discovery-driven exploration of OLAP data cubes. International Conference on Extending Database Technology, 168–182.
[36] Satyanarayan, A., & Heer, J. (2014). Authoring narrative visualizations with Ellipsis. Computer Graphics Forum, 33 (3), 361–370. https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.12392
[37] Sebe, N. (2010). Human-centered computing. In Handbook of ambient intelligence and smart environments (pp. 349–370). Springer.
[38] Segel, E., & Heer, J. (2010). Narrative visualization: Telling stories with data. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 16 (6), 1139–1148. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2010.179
[39] Shneiderman, B. (1997). Next generation of graphical user interfaces: Information visualization and better window management. Displays, 17 (3–4), 125–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-9382(97)00005-X
[40] Shneiderman, B. (2003). Leonardo’s laptop: human needs and the new computing technologies. Mit Press.
[41] Spence, I., & Feng, J. (2010). Video Games and Spatial Cognition. Review of General Psychology, 14 (2), 92–104. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019491
[42] Steichen, B., & Fu, B. (2020). Cognitive Style and Information Visualization—Modeling Users Through Eye Gaze Data. Frontiers in Computer Science, 2 (November), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2020.562290
[43] Sternberg, R. J., & Grigorenko, E. L. (1997). Are cognitive styles still in style? American Psychologist, 52 (7), 700–712. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.7.700
[44] Sutton, M. J. (2003). Problem representation, understanding, and learning transfer implications for technology education. https://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JITE/v40n4/sutton.html
[45] Toker, D., Conati, C., Carenini, G., & Haraty, M. (2012). Towards adaptive information visualization: On the influence of user characteristics. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 7379 LNCS, 274–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31454-4_23
[46] Toms, E. G. (2002). Information interaction: Providing a framework for information architecture. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 53 (10), 855–862.
[47] Tong, C., Roberts, R., Laramee, R. S., Wegba, K., Lu, A., Wang, Y., Qu, H., Luo, Q., & Ma, X. (2018). Storytelling and visualization: A survey. VISIGRAPP 2018 - Proceedings of the 13th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications, 3 (Visigrapp), 212–224. https://doi.org/10.5220/0006601102120224
[48] Treisman, A. (1985). Preattentive processing in vision. Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing, 31 (2), 156–177.
[49] Ulusoy, F., & Incikabi, L. (2019). Incorporating Representation-Based Instruction into Mathematics Teaching: Engaging Middle Schoolers with Multiple Representations of Adding Fractions. In Handbook of Research on Promoting Higher-Order Skills and Global Competencies in Life and Work (pp. 311–336). IGI Global. https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/incorporating-representation-based-instruction-into-mathematics-teaching/208606
[50] Wang, Z., Sundin, L., Murray-Rust, D., & Bach, B. (2020). Cheat Sheets for Data Visualization Techniques. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376271
[51] Ward, M. O., Grinstein, G., & Keim, D. (2010). Interactive data visualization: foundations, techniques, and applications. CRC press.
[52] Zhang, J., Johnson, K. A., Malin, J. T., & Smith, J. W. (2002). Human-Centered Information Visualization. InInternational Workshop on Dynamic Visualizations and Learning.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Alessandro Rego de Lima, Diana Carneiro Machado de Carvalho, Tânia de Jesus Vilela da Rocha. (2023). HyperCube4x: Exploring and Analyzing Data in Virtual Reality Using HyperRelational and HyperAnalyzer. American Journal of Information Science and Technology, 7(2), 45-54. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20230702.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Alessandro Rego de Lima; Diana Carneiro Machado de Carvalho; Tânia de Jesus Vilela da Rocha. HyperCube4x: Exploring and Analyzing Data in Virtual Reality Using HyperRelational and HyperAnalyzer. Am. J. Inf. Sci. Technol. 2023, 7(2), 45-54. doi: 10.11648/j.ajist.20230702.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Alessandro Rego de Lima, Diana Carneiro Machado de Carvalho, Tânia de Jesus Vilela da Rocha. HyperCube4x: Exploring and Analyzing Data in Virtual Reality Using HyperRelational and HyperAnalyzer. Am J Inf Sci Technol. 2023;7(2):45-54. doi: 10.11648/j.ajist.20230702.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajist.20230702.11,
      author = {Alessandro Rego de Lima and Diana Carneiro Machado de Carvalho and Tânia de Jesus Vilela da Rocha},
      title = {HyperCube4x: Exploring and Analyzing Data in Virtual Reality Using HyperRelational and HyperAnalyzer},
      journal = {American Journal of Information Science and Technology},
      volume = {7},
      number = {2},
      pages = {45-54},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajist.20230702.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20230702.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajist.20230702.11},
      abstract = {Hypercube is a novel viewport management and information visualization system proposal that introduces three applications (called WorkScenes), focusing on interaction, immersive reading, data exploration, analysis, and visualization concepts. After presenting the conceptual description, interaction metaphors, and the prototype in a previous publication, this article presents HyperRelational and HyperAnalyzer, the WorkScenes focused on multidimensional data exploration, analysis, and visualization. First, the manuscript explores previous work on Human-Computer Interaction-related disciplines, such as cognitive psychology, cognitive engineering, and neuroscience. Then, we introduce HyperRelational and HyperAnalyzer, focusing on their fundamental concepts 1) Geometrical visualization; 2) mapping relationships among information as spatial dimensions. Also, the Screenshots help illustrate the mentioned concepts. Finally, the “Results and Discussion” section demonstrates how these features integrate with the flow, presence, and immersion of Virtual Reality, fit Shneiderman’s visual-information-seeking mantra and solve some desktop metaphor-related issues. Additionally, we present test results conducted with 26 participants that show an acceptability rate of 74% amongst users and highlight their positive feedback/experience regarding HyperAnalyzer. On the other hand, the System Usability Scale (SUS) evaluation scored 60.6731. The score demonstrates that HyperAnalyser scored a little better than Microsoft Excel. Therefore, we conclude that the concepts presented here are viable, but it is still necessary to evolve usability to make HyperCube commercially viable.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - HyperCube4x: Exploring and Analyzing Data in Virtual Reality Using HyperRelational and HyperAnalyzer
    AU  - Alessandro Rego de Lima
    AU  - Diana Carneiro Machado de Carvalho
    AU  - Tânia de Jesus Vilela da Rocha
    Y1  - 2023/04/11
    PY  - 2023
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20230702.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajist.20230702.11
    T2  - American Journal of Information Science and Technology
    JF  - American Journal of Information Science and Technology
    JO  - American Journal of Information Science and Technology
    SP  - 45
    EP  - 54
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-0588
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20230702.11
    AB  - Hypercube is a novel viewport management and information visualization system proposal that introduces three applications (called WorkScenes), focusing on interaction, immersive reading, data exploration, analysis, and visualization concepts. After presenting the conceptual description, interaction metaphors, and the prototype in a previous publication, this article presents HyperRelational and HyperAnalyzer, the WorkScenes focused on multidimensional data exploration, analysis, and visualization. First, the manuscript explores previous work on Human-Computer Interaction-related disciplines, such as cognitive psychology, cognitive engineering, and neuroscience. Then, we introduce HyperRelational and HyperAnalyzer, focusing on their fundamental concepts 1) Geometrical visualization; 2) mapping relationships among information as spatial dimensions. Also, the Screenshots help illustrate the mentioned concepts. Finally, the “Results and Discussion” section demonstrates how these features integrate with the flow, presence, and immersion of Virtual Reality, fit Shneiderman’s visual-information-seeking mantra and solve some desktop metaphor-related issues. Additionally, we present test results conducted with 26 participants that show an acceptability rate of 74% amongst users and highlight their positive feedback/experience regarding HyperAnalyzer. On the other hand, the System Usability Scale (SUS) evaluation scored 60.6731. The score demonstrates that HyperAnalyser scored a little better than Microsoft Excel. Therefore, we conclude that the concepts presented here are viable, but it is still necessary to evolve usability to make HyperCube commercially viable.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal

  • Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal

  • Sections